Veterinary: Small Animal Medicine

What is the most common clinical sign of canine hypothyroidism?

Lethargy, weight gain without increased appetite, and dermatological changes like 'rat tail' (alopecia).

What is the hallmark radiographic sign of Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus (GDV) on a right lateral view?

The 'double bubble' or 'Popeye arm' appearance caused by the displaced pylorus.

Which organ system is primarily and fatally damaged when a cat ingests any part of a lily?

The renal system, leading to acute kidney injury (AKI).

What is the primary metabolic emergency caused by xylitol ingestion in dogs?

Severe hypoglycemia due to a rapid, massive release of insulin.

What is the most common clinical presentation of feline hyperthyroidism?

Weight loss despite a ravenous appetite (polyphagia) and increased activity/irritability.

What is the primary route of transmission for Canine Parvovirus?

The fecal-oral route, typically through contact with contaminated feces or environments.

Which diagnostic test is considered the gold standard for screening Hyperadrenocorticism (Cushing's) in dogs?

The Low-Dose Dexamethasone Suppression (LDDS) test.

In feline chronic kidney disease, what are the two primary biomarkers used for IRIS staging?

Serum Creatinine and Symmetric Dimethylarginine (SDMA).

What physical exam maneuver is used to diagnose a Cranial Cruciate Ligament (CCL) rupture in dogs?

The Cranial Drawer test or the Tibial Compression (Thrust) test.

What is the primary difference between Hansen Type I and Type II Intervertebral Disc Disease (IVDD)?

Type I involves acute extrusion of the nucleus pulposus; Type II involves chronic protrusion of the annulus fibrosus.