Pulmonology: Key Clinical Conditions

What post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC ratio is diagnostic for airflow obstruction in COPD?

A ratio of less than 0.70.

What does the 'C' represent in the CURB-65 score for pneumonia severity?

Confusion (new onset).

What is the preferred initial imaging modality for a definitive diagnosis of Pulmonary Embolism?

Computed Tomographic Pulmonary Angiography (CTPA).

In which direction does the trachea deviate in a patient with a tension pneumothorax?

Away from the affected side (contralateral deviation).

What is the first-line medication class for the rapid relief of acute asthma symptoms?

Short-acting beta-2 agonists (SABA), such as Albuterol.

What type of granulomas are the hallmark histological finding in Sarcoidosis?

Non-caseating granulomas.

According to Light's criteria, what pleural fluid to serum protein ratio defines an exudate?

A ratio greater than 0.5.

What FEV1 percentage of predicted value defines GOLD Stage 2 (Moderate) COPD?

50% to 79% of the predicted value.

What is the recommended empiric antibiotic treatment for a healthy outpatient with CAP and no comorbidities?

Amoxicillin, Doxycycline, or a Macrolide (if local resistance is low).

A Peak Expiratory Flow (PEF) between 50% and 80% of a patient's personal best indicates which asthma action zone?

The Yellow Zone.