Psychology: Research Methods
Experimental design, variables, ethics, and statistical concepts in psychology research.
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What is the independent variable in an experimental design?
The factor that is manipulated by the researcher to observe its effect on some behavior or mental process.
What is the dependent variable in an experiment?
The outcome factor that is measured to see how it changes in response to manipulations of the independent variable.
What is the primary function of a control group?
To provide a baseline for comparison by not receiving the experimental treatment or manipulation.
In statistics, how is the mean calculated?
By adding all the scores in a distribution and then dividing by the total number of scores.
What is the ethical requirement of informed consent?
Providing potential participants with enough information about a study to enable them to choose whether they wish to participate.
What characterizes a case study research method?
An in-depth, intensive investigation of a single individual, group, or event.
Why does correlation not imply causation?
Because a relationship between two variables does not account for potential third variables that may be causing both effects.
What is a longitudinal study design?
A research method in which the same people are restudied and retested over a long period of time.
What is a cross-sectional study?
A study in which people of different ages are compared with one another at a single point in time.
What is the purpose of random assignment in an experiment?
To minimize pre-existing differences between groups by ensuring every participant has an equal chance of being placed in any condition.
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