Philosophy: Aesthetics & Philosophy of Art

According to Plato, why is art considered 'three removes from reality'?

Art imitates physical objects, which are themselves merely imitations of the ideal, eternal Forms.

In Aristotle's Poetics, what term describes the purging of pity and fear through tragedy?

Catharsis.

What does Immanuel Kant mean by 'disinterested pleasure' in aesthetic judgment?

Pleasure derived from an object's beauty without regard for its practical use or personal possession.

How does Kant distinguish the 'sublime' from the 'beautiful'?

The beautiful involves harmony and form, while the sublime involves vastness or power that overwhelms the senses.

For Hegel, what is the primary role of art in the development of 'Geist' (Spirit)?

Art serves as the first stage of Absolute Spirit, expressing truth through sensory form.

According to Schopenhauer, how does aesthetic contemplation provide relief from human suffering?

It allows the individual to temporarily escape the constant striving and pain of the 'Will.'

In Nietzsche's view, what two opposing forces must be balanced in a perfect Greek tragedy?

The Apollonian (order, dream, form) and the Dionysian (chaos, intoxication, music).

Leo Tolstoy's 'infection theory' defines art as the communication of what?

The communication of feelings or emotions from the artist to the audience.

Arthur Danto argues that an object becomes art because of what conceptual framework?

The 'Artworld,' consisting of artistic theory and the history of art.

George Dickie's Institutional Theory of Art suggests that art status is conferred by whom?

Members of the 'artworld' who have the authority to designate an object as a candidate for appreciation.