Political Science: Comparative Government

What is a unitary system of government?

A system where all constitutional power is concentrated in a single central government that may delegate authority to subnational units.

Define a theocracy and provide a modern example.

A theocracy is a government ruled by religious leaders or based on religious law; Iran is a primary modern example.

In the United Kingdom, what is the distinction between the Head of State and the Head of Government?

The Monarch serves as the ceremonial Head of State, while the Prime Minister serves as the Head of Government with executive power.

What is the 'first-past-the-post' (FPTP) or plurality electoral system?

An electoral system where the candidate who receives the most votes in a district wins the seat, regardless of a majority.

What are civil liberties?

Individual rights and freedoms that the government is restricted from infringing upon, such as freedom of speech or religion.

Which political party has maintained a monopoly on power in the People's Republic of China since 1949?

The Chinese Communist Party (CCP).

How does a parliamentary system differ from a presidential system regarding the executive branch?

In a parliamentary system, the executive is branched from the legislature, whereas in a presidential system, the executive is independently elected and separate.

What is Proportional Representation (PR)?

An electoral system where parties gain seats in proportion to the total number of votes they receive nationally or in multi-member districts.

Define federalism as it applies to countries like Mexico and Nigeria.

A system of government where power is constitutionally divided between a central national authority and regional or state governments.

What is the primary difference between totalitarianism and authoritarianism?

Totalitarianism seeks to control all aspects of public and private life through ideology, while authoritarianism focuses primarily on maintaining political power.