Philosophy: Epistemology

What is the branch of philosophy that studies the nature, origin, and limits of human knowledge?

Epistemology

According to the traditional Platonic definition, what three conditions must be met for a claim to count as knowledge?

Justified True Belief (JTB)

Which philosopher famously proposed the 'Tabula Rasa' theory, suggesting the mind is a blank slate at birth?

John Locke

What is the Latin phrase for René Descartes' foundational certainty, 'I think, therefore I am'?

Cogito, ergo sum

Which epistemological position asserts that reason, rather than sensory experience, is the primary source of knowledge?

Rationalism

Which epistemological position argues that all knowledge is derived from sensory experience?

Empiricism

What do 'Gettier cases' demonstrate regarding the traditional definition of knowledge?

They show that Justified True Belief is not sufficient for knowledge because luck can be involved.

What is the difference between 'a priori' and 'a posteriori' knowledge?

A priori knowledge is independent of experience, while a posteriori knowledge is derived from sensory experience.

David Hume argued that we cannot rationally justify the belief that the future will resemble the past, a challenge known as what?

The Problem of Induction

In the structure of knowledge, what is the main difference between Foundationalism and Coherentism?

Foundationalism relies on basic, self-evident beliefs, while Coherentism argues beliefs are justified by their fit within a logical system.