Pharmacology: CNS Drugs
Drugs affecting the central nervous system — antidepressants, anxiolytics, antipsychotics, and analgesics.
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What is the primary mechanism of action of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)?
SSRIs inhibit the reuptake of serotonin (5-HT) at the presynaptic terminal, increasing its concentration in the synaptic cleft.
Which neurotransmitter's activity is enhanced by benzodiazepines?
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA).
What is the first-line mood stabilizer used for the long-term treatment of Bipolar Disorder?
Lithium.
Which medication is the specific antagonist used to reverse opioid overdose?
Naloxone.
What is the primary mechanism of action for Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)?
Inhibition of the cyclooxygenase (COX-1 and COX-2) enzymes, reducing prostaglandin synthesis.
What is the primary receptor target for typical (first-generation) antipsychotics?
Dopamine D2 receptors.
What are the '3 Cs' associated with Tricyclic Antidepressant (TCA) toxicity?
Coma, Convulsions, and Cardiotoxicity (specifically arrhythmia/QT prolongation).
Patients taking Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs) must avoid foods high in which substance to prevent a hypertensive crisis?
Tyramine.
What are two significant adverse effects of Valproic acid that require regular monitoring?
Hepatotoxicity (liver failure) and teratogenicity (neural tube defects).
Which clinical triad characterizes Serotonin Syndrome?
Autonomic instability, neuromuscular hyperactivity (e.g., hyperreflexia), and altered mental status.
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