Pathology: Endocrine Disorders
Diabetes, thyroid disorders, adrenal conditions, and pituitary diseases.
Study these flashcards with spaced repetition
Track your progress, master difficult cards, and export to Anki. Free to start.
Start Studying — FreeFlashcards in This Deck
What is the primary pathophysiology of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus?
Autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreatic islets of Langerhans, leading to absolute insulin deficiency.
What is the primary metabolic defect in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus?
Peripheral insulin resistance combined with a relative (rather than absolute) insulin deficiency due to beta-cell dysfunction.
Which three metabolic states define the clinical diagnosis of Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)?
Hyperglycemia, ketosis (anion gap metabolic acidosis), and dehydration.
Why is ketosis usually absent in Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State (HHS)?
Small amounts of circulating insulin remain sufficient to inhibit lipolysis and the subsequent formation of ketone bodies.
What is the underlying mechanism of hyperthyroidism in Graves' disease?
A Type II hypersensitivity reaction where Thyroid-Stimulating Immunoglobulins (TSI) bind to and activate TSH receptors on thyroid follicular cells.
What is the most common cause of hypothyroidism in iodine-sufficient regions?
Hashimoto's thyroiditis, an autoimmune condition characterized by chronic lymphocytic inflammation and destruction of the thyroid gland.
Distinguish between Cushing's Syndrome and Cushing's Disease.
Cushing's Syndrome is any state of chronic hypercortisolism; Cushing's Disease specifically refers to hypercortisolism caused by an ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma.
What electrolyte abnormalities are typically seen in primary adrenal insufficiency (Addison's disease)?
Hyponatremia (low sodium) and hyperkalemia (high potassium) due to the loss of aldosterone-mediated sodium-potassium exchange.
What is the classic clinical triad of symptoms for pheochromocytoma?
Episodic headache, diaphoresis (sweating), and tachycardia (palpitations), often associated with severe hypertension.
What are the two most common clinical presentations of a prolactinoma in premenopausal women?
Galactorrhea (inappropriate milk production) and amenorrhea (cessation of menstruation).
+10 more cards — sign up to see all
Frequently Asked Questions
How many flashcards are in this Pathology: Endocrine Disorders deck?
This deck contains 20 flashcards with a mix of difficulty levels: 6 easy, 10 medium, and 4 hard cards.
Is this flashcard deck free to use?
Yes! You can study these flashcards for free with our spaced repetition system. Create a free account to track your progress and save your study history.
Can I export these flashcards to Anki?
Pro users can export any deck to Anki (.apkg format) with one click. Free users can export to CSV. Start studying for free and upgrade when you need Anki export.
What is spaced repetition?
Spaced repetition is a study technique that shows you cards at increasing intervals based on how well you know them. Cards you struggle with appear more often, while mastered cards are shown less frequently. This is proven to be one of the most effective ways to memorize information.
Related Flashcard Decks
Ready to study?
Create a free account and start studying these flashcards with spaced repetition.
Get Started — Free