Ophthalmology: Eye Anatomy & Conditions

What is the transparent, dome-shaped front part of the eye that covers the iris and pupil?

Cornea

Which structure in the eye is responsible for adjusting its shape to focus on objects at varying distances?

The lens (crystalline lens)

What does a Snellen chart measure in a clinical setting?

Visual acuity

What is the term for the clouding of the eye's natural lens, typically associated with aging?

Cataract

Which cranial nerve is primarily responsible for the sense of vision?

Cranial Nerve II (Optic Nerve)

What is the name of the light-sensitive inner surface of the eye where images are formed?

Retina

How does the mechanism of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) differ from acute angle-closure glaucoma?

POAG involves reduced drainage through the trabecular meshwork despite an open angle, while acute angle-closure involves a physical blockage of the drainage angle by the iris.

What is the classic clinical presentation of a retinal detachment?

Sudden appearance of floaters, flashes of light (photopsia), and a 'curtain-like' shadow over the visual field.

Which part of the retina is affected first in age-related macular degeneration (AMD), leading to loss of central vision?

The macula (specifically the fovea)

What are the three hallmark symptoms that distinguish acute angle-closure glaucoma from simple conjunctivitis?

Severe eye pain, nausea/vomiting, and seeing 'halos' around lights.