Microbiology: Immunology Basics
Innate and adaptive immunity, antibodies, immune cells, and vaccination concepts.
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Which antibody isotype is the first to be produced during a primary immune response to a novel pathogen?
IgM
Which cell type is primarily responsible for the cell-mediated branch of the adaptive immune system?
T lymphocytes (T cells)
What is the primary function of neutrophils during an acute inflammatory response?
Phagocytosis and destruction of invading microorganisms.
Which MHC class is expressed on almost all nucleated cells in the human body?
MHC Class I
Which antibody class is the only one capable of crossing the placenta to provide passive immunity to a fetus?
IgG
What type of vaccine uses a weakened version of the pathogen that can still replicate but does not cause disease in healthy individuals?
Live-attenuated vaccine
Which MHC class is specifically expressed on professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) like dendritic cells and macrophages?
MHC Class II
What are the three distinct pathways through which the complement system can be activated?
The Classical, Alternative, and Lectin pathways.
Which antibody isotype is found predominantly in mucosal secretions such as saliva, tears, and breast milk?
IgA
What is the term for the process by which a pathogen is coated with proteins like C3b to enhance its recognition and ingestion by phagocytes?
Opsonization
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