Hematology: Key Clinical Conditions
Anemias, coagulation disorders, and hematologic malignancies.
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What is the most common cause of microcytic, hypochromic anemia worldwide?
Iron deficiency anemia
Which microcytic anemia is characterized by a genetic defect in globin chain synthesis and the presence of target cells?
Thalassemia
Which laboratory value is elevated in Vitamin B12 deficiency but remains normal in folate deficiency?
Methylmalonic acid (MMA)
What is the primary mechanism of action for Hydroxyurea in the treatment of Sickle Cell Disease?
It increases the production of Hemoglobin F (fetal hemoglobin).
What are the three components of Virchow's Triad, which predispose a patient to DVT?
Endothelial injury, stasis of blood flow, and hypercoagulability.
Which condition is characterized by the pentad of fever, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, renal failure, and neurological symptoms?
Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP)
What is the pathognomonic finding on a peripheral blood smear for Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)?
Auer rods
Which chromosomal translocation is known as the Philadelphia chromosome and is diagnostic for CML?
t(9;22)
What is the diagnostic cell type seen in a lymph node biopsy of a patient with Hodgkin's Lymphoma?
Reed-Sternberg cells
Which condition involves widespread activation of the coagulation cascade, leading to simultaneous clotting and hemorrhage?
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)
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