Dental: Oral Pathology
Common oral pathologic conditions — lesions, infections, and oral manifestations of systemic disease.
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What is the primary bacterial species responsible for the initiation of dental caries?
Streptococcus mutans
What is the term for reversible inflammation of the gingiva without clinical attachment loss?
Gingivitis
What is the common clinical name for recurrent aphthous stomatitis?
Canker sores
Which form of oral candidiasis is characterized by white 'curd-like' plaques that can be scraped off to reveal an erythematous base?
Pseudomembranous candidiasis (Thrush)
What is a localized collection of pus located at the apex of a non-vital tooth called?
Periapical abscess
What are the two most significant synergistic risk factors for developing oral squamous cell carcinoma?
Tobacco and alcohol consumption
At what specific 'critical pH' level does dental enamel typically begin to demineralize?
pH 5.5
What clinical finding is the hallmark distinction between periodontitis and gingivitis?
Clinical attachment loss (CAL) or apical migration of the junctional epithelium
How is leukoplakia clinically defined in oral pathology?
A white patch or plaque that cannot be characterized clinically or pathologically as any other disease.
Which red, velvety oral mucosal lesion carries a significantly higher risk of malignant transformation than leukoplakia?
Erythroplakia
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