Anatomy: Lymphatic & Immune System

What is the primary function of the thymus in the lymphatic system?

The thymus is the site where T-lymphocytes (T cells) undergo maturation and differentiation to become immunocompetent.

Which large lymphatic vessel drains lymph from the lower limbs, abdomen, left thorax, left arm, and left head into the venous system?

The thoracic duct.

Name the five classes of immunoglobulins (antibodies) found in the human body.

IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, and IgM.

Which organ is responsible for filtering blood, removing aged red blood cells, and storing platelets?

The spleen.

What is the fundamental difference between innate and adaptive immunity regarding specificity?

Innate immunity provides a non-specific, immediate response to pathogens, while adaptive immunity provides a highly specific response tailored to a particular antigen.

Which specific cell type is responsible for the production and secretion of antibodies?

Plasma cells (which are differentiated B-lymphocytes).

What is the functional role of the 'white pulp' within the spleen?

The white pulp contains lymphocytes and macrophages that monitor the blood for foreign antigens and initiate immune responses.

How is lymph propelled through lymphatic vessels despite the absence of a heart-like pump?

Lymph is moved by the contraction of skeletal muscles, pressure changes during respiration, and the presence of one-way valves to prevent backflow.

Which Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) class is recognized by CD8+ Cytotoxic T cells?

MHC Class I.

What is the anatomical significance of the Cisterna chyli?

It is a dilated sac at the base of the thoracic duct that receives fatty lymph (chyle) from the digestive organs.