Anatomy: Endocrine System

Which gland is often referred to as the 'master gland' because it controls several other endocrine glands?

The pituitary gland (hypophysis).

Which hormone, produced by the beta cells of the pancreas, lowers blood glucose levels?

Insulin.

What is the primary hormone responsible for the 'fight or flight' response, secreted by the adrenal medulla?

Epinephrine (Adrenaline).

Which butterfly-shaped gland located in the anterior neck regulates the body's metabolic rate?

The thyroid gland.

Which hormone is primarily responsible for the development of male secondary sexual characteristics?

Testosterone.

What are the four small glands located on the posterior surface of the thyroid that regulate calcium levels?

Parathyroid glands.

Which two hormones are synthesized in the hypothalamus but stored and released by the posterior pituitary?

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and Oxytocin.

List the three layers of the adrenal cortex from the outermost to the innermost layer.

Zona glomerulosa, zona fasciculata, and zona reticularis.

Which hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary stimulates the mammary glands to produce milk?

Prolactin (PRL).

What specific mineral is essential for the synthesis of the thyroid hormones T3 and T4?

Iodine.