Anatomy: Abdomen & Pelvis
Abdominal wall, peritoneum, GI organs, and pelvic anatomy.
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List the layers of the anterolateral abdominal wall from superficial to deep.
Skin, Camper fascia (fatty), Scarpa fascia (membranous), External oblique, Internal oblique, Transversus abdominis, Transversalis fascia, Extraperitoneal fat, and Parietal peritoneum.
What are the three primary branches of the celiac trunk?
The left gastric artery, the splenic artery, and the common hepatic artery.
Which mnemonic is commonly used to remember the retroperitoneal organs?
SAD PUCKER: Suprarenal glands, Aorta/IVC, Duodenum (parts 2-4), Pancreas (except tail), Ureters, Colon (ascending/descending), Kidneys, Esophagus, and Rectum.
Which vessel is formed by the union of the splenic vein and the superior mesenteric vein (SMV)?
The hepatic portal vein.
What is the clinical significance of the rectouterine pouch (Pouch of Douglas)?
It is the lowest point of the peritoneal cavity in a standing female, where inflammatory fluid or blood typically collects.
Which nerve provides the primary sensory and motor innervation to the perineum?
The pudendal nerve (S2-S4).
Contrast the lymphatic drainage of the scrotum versus the testes.
The scrotum drains to the superficial inguinal lymph nodes, while the testes drain to the para-aortic (lumbar) lymph nodes.
What structures are contained within the inguinal canal in males?
The spermatic cord and the ilioinguinal nerve.
The superior mesenteric artery (SMA) provides blood supply to which embryonic gut division?
The midgut, which extends from the distal half of the duodenum to the distal third of the transverse colon.
Which muscles compose the levator ani, the main component of the pelvic floor?
The puborectalis, pubococcygeus, and iliococcygeus muscles.
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