World History: Enlightenment & Revolutions

What are the three 'natural rights' identified by John Locke that he believed every human is born with?

Life, liberty, and property.

Which Enlightenment thinker proposed the division of government into executive, legislative, and judicial branches?

Baron de Montesquieu.

What concept describes an agreement where people give up some individual freedoms in exchange for state protection and social order?

The Social Contract.

Which philosopher is most famous for his defense of civil liberties, specifically freedom of speech and religious tolerance?

Voltaire.

What economic policy, advocated by Adam Smith in 'The Wealth of Nations,' suggests that government should not interfere in the economy?

Laissez-faire.

How did the Scientific Revolution influence the development of the Enlightenment?

It encouraged the use of reason and the scientific method to analyze and improve human society and government.

How did Enlightenment ideas manifest in the American Declaration of Independence?

It asserted that people have the right to overthrow a government that violates their natural rights.

In pre-revolutionary France, which group made up the Third Estate and paid the majority of the taxes?

The commoners, including peasants, city workers, and the middle-class bourgeoisie.

What event on July 14, 1789, is considered the symbolic start of the French Revolution?

The Storming of the Bastille.

What document, adopted by the National Assembly in 1789, abolished feudal privileges and defined the rights of all French citizens?

The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen.