US History: Revolution & Constitution

What was the primary slogan used by American colonists to protest British taxes like the Stamp Act?

No taxation without representation.

How did John Locke's concept of 'natural rights' influence the Declaration of Independence?

It provided the philosophical basis for 'life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness,' asserting that government exists to protect these inherent rights.

Who wrote the influential pamphlet 'Common Sense' to argue for colonial independence from Great Britain?

Thomas Paine.

Why are the battles of Lexington and Concord historically significant?

They marked the first military engagements between British troops and colonial militia, effectively starting the American Revolutionary War.

Why is the Battle of Saratoga considered the 'turning point' of the American Revolution?

The American victory convinced France to formally enter the war as an ally against Britain, providing essential military and financial support.

What was the final major battle of the American Revolution where General Cornwallis surrendered to George Washington?

The Battle of Yorktown.

What was the primary purpose of the Declaration of Independence beyond declaring separation?

To justify the revolution to the international community and list specific grievances against King George III to prove he was a tyrant.

What was the most significant financial weakness of the national government under the Articles of Confederation?

The central government lacked the power to levy taxes directly on citizens, making it dependent on voluntary contributions from states.

How did Shays' Rebellion contribute to the call for a new Constitution?

It exposed the inability of the weak central government to maintain order, collect taxes, or provide for national security during internal unrest.

How did the Great Compromise resolve the conflict between large and small states at the Constitutional Convention?

It created a bicameral legislature with proportional representation in the House of Representatives and equal representation in the Senate.