Turkish: Grammar Basics
Core Turkish grammar — vowel harmony, cases, and verb suffixes.
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What are the two main groups of vowels in Turkish vowel harmony?
Front vowels (e, i, ö, ü) and Back vowels (a, ı, o, u).
How do you make the word 'elma' (apple) plural?
Elmalar.
How do you make the word 'ev' (house) plural?
Evler.
What is the question particle used after 'Tamam' (Okay) to ask 'Is it okay?'
mı (Tamam mı?)
What suffix is used to make a verb root negative in Turkish?
-me or -ma (placed immediately after the verb root).
Translate 'in the school' using the locative case for 'okul'.
Okulda.
Translate 'the book' (as a specific direct object) using the accusative case for 'kitap'.
Kitabı (pronounced ki-tah-buh).
Translate 'to Istanbul' using the dative case.
İstanbul'a.
Translate 'from the house' using the ablative case for 'ev'.
Evden.
Conjugate 'okumak' (to read) in the first person singular present continuous ('I am reading').
Okuyorum.
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