Physics: Mechanics Fundamentals
Newton's laws, kinematics, forces, and energy — the foundation of classical mechanics.
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What is the kinematic equation for displacement when acceleration is constant, given initial velocity, time, and acceleration?
Δx = v₀t + ½at²
Define Newton's First Law of Motion.
An object at rest stays at rest, and an object in motion stays in motion with constant velocity unless acted upon by a net external force.
What is the mathematical expression for translational kinetic energy?
K = ½mv²
How is gravitational potential energy calculated near the Earth's surface?
U = mgh
Define linear momentum in terms of mass and velocity.
p = mv
What is the basic definition of Work done by a constant force at an angle to the displacement?
W = Fd cos(θ)
Why is the coefficient of static friction (μs) generally larger than the coefficient of kinetic friction (μk)?
It takes more force to break the initial intermolecular bonds and surface irregularities to start motion than to maintain it.
State the Work-Energy Theorem.
The net work done on an object is equal to its change in kinetic energy (W_net = ΔK).
In a Free Body Diagram of a block on an incline of angle θ, what are the components of the gravitational force relative to the slope?
The parallel component is mg sin(θ) and the perpendicular component is mg cos(θ).
Explain the relationship between Impulse and Momentum.
Impulse (J = FΔt) is equal to the change in momentum (Δp) of an object.
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