MCAT: Organic Chemistry Essentials
High-yield organic chemistry topics for the MCAT Chemical and Physical Foundations section.
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What functional group is characterized by a carbon double-bonded to an oxygen and single-bonded to a hydroxyl group?
Carboxylic acid
What term describes a pair of non-superimposable mirror image molecules?
Enantiomers
Which laboratory technique separates liquids based on differences in their boiling points?
Distillation
What is the primary structural difference between an aldehyde and a ketone?
An aldehyde has the carbonyl carbon bonded to at least one hydrogen, while a ketone has it bonded to two other carbons.
What is the molecular formula of benzene?
C6H6
Is glucose classified as an aldose or a ketose?
Aldose
Which type of nucleophilic substitution reaction proceeds via a carbocation intermediate?
SN1
In the Cahn-Ingold-Prelog system, how is priority assigned to substituents on a chiral center?
Priority is assigned based on decreasing atomic number of the atoms directly attached to the chiral center.
What solvent type (polar protic or polar aprotic) is generally preferred for SN2 reactions to prevent nucleophile solvation?
Polar aprotic
Where does the characteristic IR absorption peak for a carbonyl (C=O) group appear?
Approximately 1700-1750 cm⁻¹
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