Korean: Basic Sentence Patterns

What is the standard word order for a basic Korean sentence?

Subject-Object-Verb (SOV).

Which particles are used to mark the topic of a sentence, often indicating 'as for' or providing contrast?

은 (eun) is used after a consonant; 는 (neun) is used after a vowel.

Which particles are used to mark the subject of a sentence, focusing on 'who' or 'what' performs the action?

이 (i) is used after a consonant; 가 (ga) is used after a vowel.

Which particles mark the direct object of a verb in a sentence?

을 (eul) is used after a consonant; 를 (reul) is used after a vowel.

What is the polite ending for 'to be' (am/is/are) when the preceding noun ends in a vowel?

-예요 (yeyo). Example: 의자예요 (It is a chair).

How do you distinguish the use of the location particles '에' and '에서'?

'에' is used for static location (existence) or direction, while '에서' is used for where an action takes place.

Conjugate the verb '먹다' (to eat) into the polite informal ending (-아요/어요).

먹어요 (meogeoyo).

How do you form a basic question in the polite informal style (-아요/어요)?

Keep the sentence structure the same as a statement but raise the intonation at the end.

Translate 'I don't eat bread' using the short negation form '안'. (Bread = 빵, To eat = 먹다)

저는 빵을 안 먹어요 (Jeoneun ppang-eul an meogeoyo).

What are the formal polite endings for verbs/adjectives in a declarative statement?

-습니다 (seumnida) after a consonant; -ㅂ니다 (mnida) after a vowel.