History: Major Social Movements

Which US Constitutional Amendment officially abolished slavery in 1865?

The 13th Amendment.

How did Frederick Douglass contribute to the abolitionist movement?

As a formerly enslaved person, he became a prominent orator and author, providing a first-hand account of slavery's cruelty to persuade the public.

What was William Wilberforce's primary strategy for ending the slave trade in the British Empire?

He led a decades-long parliamentary campaign to pass legislation, resulting in the Slave Trade Act of 1807.

What did the 19th Amendment to the US Constitution achieve in 1920?

It granted women the right to vote, prohibiting gender-based voting discrimination.

What was the significance of the 1848 Seneca Falls Convention?

It was the first women's rights convention in the US and produced the Declaration of Sentiments, which demanded equal rights and suffrage.

How did the British 'Suffragettes' led by Emmeline Pankhurst differ from earlier 'Suffragists'?

They adopted militant and direct-action tactics, such as hunger strikes and property damage, under the motto 'Deeds, not words.'

What was the primary slogan of the labor movement regarding the standard workday?

'Eight hours for work, eight hours for rest, eight hours for what we will.'

How did the 1911 Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire influence labor legislation?

The tragedy led to the creation of strict factory safety standards, fire codes, and improved working condition laws in New York and beyond.

What was the immediate legal outcome of the Montgomery Bus Boycott?

The Supreme Court ruled that segregated buses were unconstitutional, leading to the integration of public transit systems.

What was the core philosophy of Martin Luther King Jr.'s approach to civil rights?

Nonviolent civil disobedience based on Christian principles and the teachings of Mahatma Gandhi.