History: Russian Revolution & Soviet Union

Who was the last Tsar of Russia, whose reign ended during the February Revolution of 1917?

Nicholas II

What was the significance of the 1905 'Bloody Sunday' massacre regarding the public's perception of the Tsar?

It shattered the myth of the Tsar as the 'Little Father' and protector of the people, leading to widespread strikes.

How did Russia's involvement in World War I contribute to the collapse of the Tsarist regime?

The war caused massive food shortages, high inflation, and military failures that eroded support for the monarchy.

What was the immediate political result of the February Revolution in 1917?

The abdication of Tsar Nicholas II and the end of the Romanov dynasty.

Why did the Provisional Government lose popular support between March and October 1917?

It failed to end Russia's involvement in WWI and delayed essential land reforms for the peasantry.

Which political group, led by Vladimir Lenin, seized power during the October Revolution?

The Bolsheviks

How did Lenin's 'Vanguard Party' concept modify traditional Marxist theory?

It argued that a disciplined party of professional revolutionaries was needed to lead the proletariat rather than waiting for a spontaneous uprising.

In the context of the Russian Civil War, who were the 'Whites'?

A loose coalition of anti-Bolshevik forces, including monarchists, capitalists, and social democrats.

What was the primary goal of the policy known as 'War Communism' during the Civil War?

To centralize the economy and forcibly requisition grain to feed the Red Army and urban workers.

Why did Lenin introduce the New Economic Policy (NEP) in 1921?

To revive the economy after the Civil War by allowing limited private trade and ending forced grain requisitions.