Electrical Engineering: Fundamentals
Circuits, Ohm's law, capacitors, inductors, and fundamental electrical concepts.
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What is the mathematical relationship between voltage, current, and resistance in a linear circuit?
Ohm's Law states V = I * R, where V is voltage, I is current, and R is resistance.
State Kirchhoff’s Current Law (KCL) in terms of charge conservation.
KCL states that the algebraic sum of currents entering a node is zero, meaning current in equals current out.
How is the total resistance calculated for resistors connected in series?
The total resistance is the sum of all individual resistances: R_total = R1 + R2 + ... + Rn.
What is the primary difference between Direct Current (DC) and Alternating Current (AC)?
DC flows in one constant direction, while AC periodically reverses direction and changes magnitude over time.
What is the relationship between the frequency (f) and the period (T) of a waveform?
Frequency and period are inversely proportional: f = 1/T.
What is the primary function of a diode in a circuit?
A diode acts as a one-way valve, allowing current to flow in one direction (forward bias) and blocking it in the other (reverse bias).
If the voltage across a resistor is doubled while the resistance remains constant, how does the power dissipation change?
Power quadruples, because P = V² / R; doubling V results in (2V)² = 4V².
Calculate the equivalent resistance of two 100-ohm resistors connected in parallel.
The equivalent resistance is 50 ohms, calculated using 1/R_eq = 1/R1 + 1/R2.
How much energy is stored in a capacitor with capacitance C and voltage V?
The energy stored is E = (1/2) * C * V².
What does the time constant (τ = RC) represent in an RC circuit?
It is the time required for the capacitor to charge to approximately 63.2% of its final voltage or discharge to 36.8%.
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