Biology: Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration
Energy conversion in living systems — from sunlight to glucose to ATP.
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What is the balanced chemical equation for photosynthesis?
6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy -> C6H12O6 + 6O2
Where does glycolysis occur within a eukaryotic cell?
Glycolysis takes place in the cytosol (cytoplasm).
What is the primary pigment responsible for capturing light energy in plants?
Chlorophyll a.
What is the balanced chemical equation for aerobic cellular respiration?
C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP
In which specific part of the mitochondrion does the Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle) occur?
The mitochondrial matrix.
What are the three main stages of cellular respiration?
Glycolysis, the Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle), and Oxidative Phosphorylation.
How does the role of NADP+ in photosynthesis differ from NAD+ in cellular respiration?
NADP+ is an electron carrier used in anabolic reactions (Calvin cycle), while NAD+ is used in catabolic reactions (respiration).
What is the difference between substrate-level phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation?
Substrate-level phosphorylation involves the direct transfer of a phosphate group to ADP from a reactive intermediate, while oxidative phosphorylation uses an electrochemical gradient and ATP synthase.
What is the specific role of water molecules in the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis?
Water is split (photolysis) to provide electrons to replace those lost by Photosystem II, releasing O2 and H+ as byproducts.
What is the final electron acceptor in the mitochondrial electron transport chain?
Molecular oxygen (O2), which then combines with protons to form water.
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