Biology: Molecular Biology & DNA
DNA structure, replication, gene expression, and biotechnology techniques.
Study these flashcards with spaced repetition
Track your progress, master difficult cards, and export to Anki. Free to start.
Start Studying — FreeFlashcards in This Deck
What are the three essential components of a DNA nucleotide?
A deoxyribose sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base (Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, or Guanine).
Which nitrogenous bases pair together in DNA, and how many hydrogen bonds connect each pair?
Adenine pairs with Thymine via two hydrogen bonds; Cytosine pairs with Guanine via three hydrogen bonds.
What is the primary function of the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)?
To rapidly amplify specific sequences of DNA into millions of copies through repeated cycles of heating and cooling.
In which chemical direction is a new DNA strand always synthesized by DNA polymerase?
In the 5' to 3' direction, as nucleotides are added to the 3' hydroxyl (-OH) group.
What is the role of tRNA during the process of translation?
tRNA molecules carry specific amino acids to the ribosome and match them to mRNA codons using their complementary anticodons.
What physical property of DNA allows it to be separated by size during gel electrophoresis?
DNA is negatively charged due to its phosphate backbone, causing it to migrate toward the positive anode through a porous matrix.
Why is DNA replication described as 'semi-discontinuous'?
The leading strand is synthesized continuously toward the replication fork, while the lagging strand is synthesized in short Okazaki fragments away from the fork.
What is the function of DNA Ligase in DNA replication and repair?
It catalyzes the formation of a phosphodiester bond to seal nicks between DNA fragments, such as joining Okazaki fragments.
How does RNA polymerase identify the correct starting point for transcription on a DNA template?
It recognizes and binds to specific DNA sequences called promoters, which are located upstream of the gene's coding region.
What is the significance of the 'wobble' position in the genetic code?
It allows a single tRNA to recognize multiple codons by having flexible, non-standard base-pairing at the third position of the mRNA codon.
+10 more cards — sign up to see all
Frequently Asked Questions
How many flashcards are in this Biology: Molecular Biology & DNA deck?
This deck contains 20 flashcards with a mix of difficulty levels: 6 easy, 10 medium, and 4 hard cards.
Is this flashcard deck free to use?
Yes! You can study these flashcards for free with our spaced repetition system. Create a free account to track your progress and save your study history.
Can I export these flashcards to Anki?
Pro users can export any deck to Anki (.apkg format) with one click. Free users can export to CSV. Start studying for free and upgrade when you need Anki export.
What is spaced repetition?
Spaced repetition is a study technique that shows you cards at increasing intervals based on how well you know them. Cards you struggle with appear more often, while mastered cards are shown less frequently. This is proven to be one of the most effective ways to memorize information.
Related Flashcard Decks
Ready to study?
Create a free account and start studying these flashcards with spaced repetition.
Get Started — Free