AP European History: Key Events & Themes

Who is considered the 'Father of Humanism' for his efforts in recovering and studying classical Latin manuscripts?

Francesco Petrarch

What was the primary focus of Italian Renaissance Humanism?

The study of classical Greek and Roman literature, rhetoric, and history to improve the individual and society.

What theological principle did Martin Luther propose as the sole means of salvation?

Justification by Faith Alone (Sola Fide)

What was the significance of the Peace of Augsburg in 1555?

It established the principle of 'cuius regio, eius religio,' allowing German princes to choose between Catholicism and Lutheranism.

Which Catholic reform movement body met between 1545 and 1563 to reaffirm traditional doctrines?

The Council of Trent

Which scientist's heliocentric model first challenged the Ptolemaic geocentric view of the universe?

Nicolaus Copernicus

How did Louis XIV use the Palace of Versailles to maintain absolute power?

He required high-ranking nobles to live there, turning them into courtiers and distracting them from political plotting.

What was the primary cause of the Third Estate's discontent leading up to the French Revolution?

They bore the entire tax burden while having no political power compared to the clergy and nobility.

What was the 'Reign of Terror' during the French Revolution?

A period of state-sanctioned violence led by Robespierre to eliminate perceived enemies of the Republic.

What was the primary goal of Napoleon's Continental System?

To cripple the British economy by forbidding European nations from trading with Great Britain.